Opinion Poll Data

The percentages not in parentheses are computed from the overall number of respondents. The data in parentheses are percentages computed for those respondents, who stated that they would participate in the elections.

Here are the results of the most recent polls:

Institute of the Sociology of Parliamentarism (released July 1): Yeltsin - (56%), Zyuganov - (38.5%), against both - (5%).
VCIOM, June 25-27 (released June 30): Yeltsin - (55%), Zyuganov - (33%), against both - (7%), uncertain - (5%), will vote - 73%.
ROMIR, June 22-23 (released June 30): Yeltsin - (50%), Zyuganov - (39%), against both - (4%), uncertain - (7%), will vote - 65%.
Public Opinion Foundation (released June 28): Yeltsin - (50%), Zyuganov - (46%), will vote - 64%.

RATINGS OF SUPPORT for the top presidential contenders are as follows.

VCIOM Poll Ratings

In each poll published by VCIOM (All-Russia Institute of Public Opinion Research), approximately 1600 people were questioned at 60 locations nationwide. Error margin: 3.8% (Jun. 12).

Place	Name	Jan. 28	Feb. 25	Mar. 17	Mar. 31	Apr. 10	Apr. 24	May 5	May 19	Jun. 3	Jun. 12
1	Boris Yeltsin	(8%)	(11%)	(15%)	(18%)	(18%)	(21%)	(28%)	(33%)	(37%)	(36%)
2	Gennady Zyuganov	(20%)	(24%)	(25%)	(25%)	(26%)	(27%)	(27%)	(26%)	(26%)	(24%)
3	Alexander Lebed	(10%)	(8%)	(8%)	(10%)	(10%)	(8%)	(6%)	(7%)	(7%)	(10%)
4	Grigory Yavlinsky	(13%)	(9%)	(11%)	(9%)	(10%)	(11%)	(9%)	(9%)	(7%)	(8%)
5	Vladimir Zhirinovsky	(10%)	(12%)	(9%)	(9%)	(8%)	(9%)	(7%)	(7%)	(6%)	(6%)
6	Svyatoslav Fedorov	(8%)	(7%)	(7%)	(7%)	(8%)	(4%)	(7%)	(4%)	(3%)	(3%)
7	Mikhail Gorbachev	(1%)	(0.6%)	(1%)	(1%)	(1%)	(2%)	(1%)	(0.5%)	(1%)	(0.5%)
8	Vladimir Bryntsalov	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	(0.4%)	-	(0.4%)
9	Yuri Vlasov	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	(0.4%)	-	(0.3%)
10	Martin Shakkum	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	(0.5%)	-	(0.1%)
out	Viktor Chernomyrdin	(7%)	(5%)	(4%)	(3%)	(4%)	-	-	-	-	-
out	Yegor Gaidar	(3%)	(4%)	(3%)	(3%)	(3%)	-	-	-	-	-
out	Aman Tuleyev	-	-	-	-	-	-	(2%)	(1%)	-	(1%)
-	someone else	-	-	-	-	-	-	(3%)	-	-	-
-	against all	(2%)	(3%)	(4%)	-	(2%)	-	(1%)	(4%)	-	(2%)
-	undecided	(15%)	(13%)	(10%)	(12%)	(9%)	(12%)	(11%)	(8%)	-	(9%)
-	Will vote	-	63%	65%	-	68%	70%	73%	-	-	80%
-	Won't vote	-	-	20%	-	20%	-	-	-	-	-

Institute of the Sociology of Parliamentarism polls

6000 people intending to vote were polled in each.

Place	Name	Apr. 10 - Apr. 15	Apr. 27 - May 2	May 17	May 24 - May 28	June 7	June 13
1	Gennady Zyuganov	(38-47%)	(43-45%)	(42%)	(36%)	(31%)	(35.6%)
2	Boris Yeltsin	(16-20%)	(25%)	(27%)	(36%)	(40%)	(32.7%)
3	Alexander Lebed	(8-10%)	(8%)	(8%)	(7-8%)	(9%)	(11.0%)
4	Grigory Yavlinsky	(8-9%)	(8%)	(10%)	(10%)	(11%)	(9.8%)
5	Vladimir Zhirinovsky	(6-7%)	(7%)	(7%)	(5-7%)	(5%)	(7.5%)
6	Svyatoslav Fedorov	(2-4%)	(3%)	(3%)	(4%)	(2%)	-
7	Mikhail Gorbachev	(1-2%)	(1-2%)	-	-	-	-

Russian Independent Institute of Social and National Problems mid-month polls

conducted in 15 of Russia's 89 regions.

Place	Name	Feb.	Mar.	Apr.	May
1	Boris Yeltsin	10.0%	17.0%	23.8%	35.2%
2	Gennady Zyuganov	16.4%	25.8%	28.0%	22.4%
3	Grigory Yavlinsky	12.9%	13.2%	12.7%	13.3%
4	Alexander Lebed	10.4%	7.8%	10.3%	7.4%
5	Vladimir Zhirinovsky	8.8%	8.1%	8.5%	6.1%
6	Svyatoslav Fedorov	1.1%	7.6%	6.7%	5.6%
7	Mikhail Gorbachev	1.2%	1.2%	1.1%	1.0%
8	Martin Shakkum	-	-	-	0.9%
9	Yuri Vlasov	-	-	-	0.6%
10	Vladimir Bryntsalov	-	-	-	0.2%
out	Aman Tuleyev	-	-	-	3.1%

Public Opinion Foundation Ratings

The margin of error is plus or minus 5 per cent, 1,460 people were polled nationwide.

Place	Name	Mar. 2	Mar. 30	Apr. 7	Apr. 13	Apr. 20	Apr. 28	May 5	May 12	May 18	Jun. 9
1	Boris Yeltsin	14%	19%	21%	23%	22%	26.5%	25.0%	27.8%	34.2%	34%
2	Gennady Zyuganov	20%	21%	25%	22%	22%	25.2%	24.5%	23.6%	21.8%	30%
3	Vladimir Zhirinovsky	8%	7%	6%	7%	6%	-	7.5%	5.8%	7.0%	8%
4	Alexander Lebed	7%	8%	5%	6%	7%	-	5.8%	4.6%	-	7%
5	Grigory Yavlinsky	11%	8%	9%	8%	6%	-	9.7%	8.4%	7.0%	6%
6	Svyatoslav Fedorov	6%	5%	3%	5%	5%	-	3.5%	3.1%	-	2%
7	Mikhail Gorbachev	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.5%	0.9%	-	-
-	someone else	11%	10%	9%	5%	3%	-	-	-	-	-
-	against all	2%	2%	1%	1%	3%	-	-	-	-	-
-	won't vote	7%	6%	4%	5%	6%	-	-	-	-	-
-	undecided	14%	14%	17%	18%	20%	-	-	-	-	-

CESSI Polls

Conducted for CNN and Moscow Times. 1,170 people were polled nationwide.

Place	Name	Mar. 20	Apr. 23	May 14	Jun. 1	Jun. 8
1	Boris Yeltsin	14.0%	20.7%	27.7%	32.6%	34.5%
2	Gennady Zyuganov	19.1%	19.8%	19.3%	19.7%	15.9%
3	Alexander Lebed	3.2%	4.7%	5.5%	5.6%	7.1%
4	Vladimir Zhirinovsky	4.9%	4.8%	4.3%	5.7%	6.7%
5	Grigory Yavlinsky	6.2%	6.5%	9.2%	5.9%	6.5%
6	Svyatoslav Fedorov	2.0%	3.2%	3.2%	-	2.7%
7	Mikhail Gorbachev	-	1%	-	-	-
-	Uncertain	28.2%	22.5%	19.9%	18.0%	-
-	Against all	-	3%	-	-	-
-	Won't vote	-	8%	-	-	-

ROMIR Polls

1580 respondents, 160 polling locations around the country.

Place	Name	Feb. 18	Mar. 17	Mar. 31	Apr. 14	Apr. 28	May 5	May 12	May 19	May 26	Jun. 3	Jun. 12
1	Boris Yeltsin	8%	(17%)	(19%)	(22%)	(28%)	(29%)	(32%)	(31%)	(35%)	(35%)	(34%)
2	Gennady Zyuganov	18%	(26%)	(27%)	(27%)	(28%)	(25%)	(25%)	(27%)	(24%)	(23%)	(23%)
3	Alexander Lebed	9%	-	-	(8%)	(7%)	(6%)	(5%)	(4%)	(6%)	(7%)	(8%)
4	Grigory Yavlinsky	11%	(9%)	-	(7%)	(7%)	(8%)	(9%)	(7%)	(6%)	(7%)	(7%)
5	Vladimir Zhirinovsky	9%	(7%)	-	(6%)	(5%)	(6%)	(5%)	(5%)	(5%)	(4%)	(5%)
6	Svyatoslav Fedorov	-	-	-	(6%)	(6%)	(4%)	(3%)	(5%)	(3%)	(2%)	(2%)
7	Mikhail Gorbachev	-	-	-	-	(2%)	(1%)	(1%)	(1%)	(1%)	(0%)	(1%)
8	Martin Shakkum	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	(0%)	(0%)	(0%)	(1%)
9	Yuri Vlasov	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	(0%)	(0%)	(0%)	(1%)
10	Vladimir Bryntsalov	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	(0%)	(0%)	(0%)	(0%)
out	Viktor Chernomyrdin	7%	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
out	Aman Tuleyev	-	-	-	-	-	(1%)	(1%)	(1%)	(1%)	(1%)	(1%)
-	undecided	-	-	-	-	(15%)	-	-	(17%)	(19%)	(17%)	(18%)

VCIOM NEGATIVE RATINGS: "Whom of the following politicians you would not like ever to see as president of Russia?" All the answers below were given by those who have already decided to vote.

Name	Jan. '96	Feb. '96	Mar. '96	Apr. '96	May '96
Vladimir Zhirinovsky	(49%)	(49%)	(59%)	(56%)	(57%)
Boris Yeltsin	(43%)	(40%)	(39%)	(37%)	(36%)
Gennady Zyuganov	(14%)	(21%)	(26%)	(27%)	(29%)
Alexander Lebed	(9%)	(8%)	(12%)	(9%)	(8%)
Grigory Yavlinsky	(6%)	(4%)	(6%)	(6%)	(6%)
Svyatoslav Fedorov	(4%)	(2%)	(5%)	(4%)	(4%)
Hard to say	(8%)	(8%)	(11%)	-	-

The following polls were conducted to determine the RUNOFF prospectives of the candidates.

VCIOM polls:

Name	Jan. ?	Jan. 28	Feb. 13	Feb. ?	Feb. 25	Mar. 17	Mar. 31	Apr. 10	May 6	May 12	May 19	May 26	Jun. 12
Gennady Zyuganov	41%	33%	33%	34%	39%	36%	32%	29%	29%	31% (37%)	(37%)	(36%)	(36%)
Boris Yeltsin	21%	18%	19%	21%	27%	33%	24%	28%	31%	37% (45%)	(50%)	(52%)	(53%)
against both	21%	22%	20%	22%	22%	18%	21%	18%	17%	15% (17%)	(13%)	(12%)	(11%)
won't vote	7%	15%	15%	15%	4%	3%	12%	15%	9%	9%	-	-	-
undecided	10%	12%	13%	8%	8%	10%	11%	10%	14%	8%	-	-	-

Name	Jan. ?	Jan. 28	Feb. 13	Feb. ?	Feb. 25	Mar. 17	Mar. 31	Apr. 10	May 12
Gennady Zyuganov	34%	27%	28%	30%	37%	34%	29%	27%	(40%)
Grigory Yavlinsky	36%	33%	34%	29%	33%	32%	31%	31%	(41%)
against both	15%	17%	15%	18%	19%	17%	16%	14%	(19%)
won't vote	4%	11%	11%	12%	4%	6%	10%	15%	-
undecided	11%	12%	12%	11%	7%	11%	14%	13%	-

Name	Jan. ?	Jan. 28	Feb. 13	Mar. 17	Mar. 31	Apr. 10
Gennady Zyuganov	42%	35%	35%	40%	35%	33%
Vladimir Zhirinovsky	15%	15%	14%	13%	13%	12%
against both	27%	26%	26%	32%	32%	30%
won't vote	6%	14%	14%	7%	12%	18%
undecided	10%	10%	11%	8%	8%	7%

Name	Jan. 28	Feb. ?	Mar. 31	Apr. 10
Gennady Zyuganov	28%	31%	30%	26%
Alexander Lebed	28%	23%	23%	28%
against both	20%	24%	24%	18%
won't vote	12%	12%	12%	16%
undecided	12%	10%	11%	12%

Russian Independent Institute of Social and National Problems polls:

Name	Feb.	Apr.
Gennady Zyuganov	32.3%	36.5%
Boris Yeltsin	25.2%	31.7%
against both	36.3%	20.8%

Name	Feb.	Apr.
Gennady Zyuganov	29.2%	36.0%
Grigory Yavlinsky	34.2%	31.0%
against both	31.4%	20.3%

Name	Feb.	Apr.
Gennady Zyuganov	33.6%	37.2%
Vladimir Zhirinovsky	11.2%	11.2%
against both	47.1%	41.2%

Name	Feb.	Apr.
Gennady Zyuganov	29.3%	35.4%
Alexander Lebed	24.9%	24.8%
against both	38.7%	27.1%

Name	Feb.	Apr.
Grigory Yavlinsky	35.2%	28.0%
Boris Yeltsin	20.1%	26.8%
against both	37.1%	30.1%

ROMIR polls:

Name	Mar. 17	Apr. 14	Apr. 20	Apr. 28	May 5	May 12	May 19	May 26	Jun. 3	Jun. 12
Gennady Zyuganov	40%	40%	40%	40%	33%	32%	32%	30%	31%	30%
Boris Yeltsin	31%	34%	36%	36%	41%	42%	43%	46%	49%	46%

Name	Mar. 17	Apr. 14	Jun. 10
Gennady Zyuganov	38%	39%	31%
Grigory Yavlinsky	29%	28%	34%

Name	Mar. 17
Gennady Zyuganov	44%
Vladimir Zhirinovsky	13%

Name	Jun. 10
Gennady Zyuganov	29%
Alexander Lebed	35%

VCIOM poll: Who do you think will become the Russian president?

Place	Name	Jan.	Feb.	Mar.	Apr.	May
1	Boris Yeltsin	14%	21%	35%	40%	52%
2	Gennady Zyuganov	18%	22%	28%	23%	21%
3	Vladimir Zhirinovsky	8%	8%	6%	4%	2%
4	Grigory Yavlinsky	5%	2%	2%	2%	1%
5	Alexander Lebed	4%	2%	2%	1%	1%
6	Svyatoslav Fedorov	2%	2%	1%	1%	1%

HOW ACCURATE are Russian public opinion polls? The following table features some results of recent parliamentary elections in comparison with predictions made by VCIOM and Nezavisimaya gazeta. All percentages except for those for absentees are computed based upon the predicted/actual turnout.

Place	Party	VCIOM, Dec. 1, 1995	NG, Dec. 1995	Actual vote, Dec. 17, 1995
1	Communist Party of the Russian Federation	(23.0%)	(22.9%)	(22.30%)
2	Liberal-Democratic Party of Russia	(11.5%)	(5.7%)	(11.18%)
3	Our Home is Russia	(13.1%)	(10.9%)	(10.13%)
4	Yabloko	(13.1%)	(9.5%)	(6.89%)
7	Congress of Russian Communities	(13.1%)	(6.5%)	(4.31%)
-	Absentees	39%	-	35.6%

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